Definitions of Dog Training Projects. Or you can use a bit of cooked chicken as a high-value reward during training. BY Can Dogs Eat Raw Chicken Thigh Bones in Articles. I know a lot of people feed their dogs raw meat but I'm not sure I'm comfortable with that. The short answer is a resounding yes, you can feed your cat chicken. of boiled chicken legs.I called Vet Emerg and they told me to feed him soft bread. This protein and starch combination can also stimulate appetite when a dog is ill or recovering from surgery. Informations sur votre appareil et sur votre connexion Internet, y compris votre adresse IP, Navigation et recherche lors de l’utilisation des sites Web et applications Verizon Media. Chicken is extremely bland and a great source of protein. Proven Techniques. Since chicken has 10 essential amino acids required to keep your dog healthy, according to the Dog Food Advisor website, it makes sense to cook it for him as a meal or treat. dog (a Puli) had lost about 20% of her body weight from one annual exam to another. You can also add some vegetables. Last Update : 2020-06-17 01:26:37 can dogs eat raw chicken thigh bones. Chicken makes a great protein base for those that make their own dog food and, depending on the supplier, it can be a sustainable option for dog food. … Oatmeal. If you feed your dog a raw chicken thigh, be sure to remove this bone. He lived to be 17 on home cooked food. Can Dogs Eat Raw Chicken Thigh Bones - Official Site. We use cookies to give you the best possible experience on our website. But a dog’s stomach acid is much more acidic than a human’s, providing greater protection against bacteria. Chicken thigh bones have a skinny, needle-like bone (fibula) connected to the larger main bone (tibia). I do raw feed my cat and cooked for my allergic dog. I use this method as well if my dogs pull out burrs and try to swallow them. Read on to discover some of the safety considerations involved when feeding chicken to a domestic cat. It can be used as an incentive or for training purposes. What can I do before I call may v … read more. Typically, chicken bones will dissolve once they hit the stomach—before they have a chance to become dangerous. Be sure to take cooked chicken off the bone. This sharp bone has all the same hazards as a cooked bone splinter. Cook the chicken on medium-high heat until the meat's internal temperature measures 170 degrees Fahrenheit or until the chicken is no longer pink when cut. New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast. Nos partenaires et nous-mêmes stockerons et/ou utiliserons des informations concernant votre appareil, par l’intermédiaire de cookies et de technologies similaires, afin d’afficher des annonces et des contenus personnalisés, de mesurer les audiences et les contenus, d’obtenir des informations sur les audiences et à des fins de développement de produit. When cooked and golden brown on the outside, let cool to room temperature and feed to your friend. 5. You can mix it with boiled white rice as I do or feed it alone if it is all you have. I pressure-cook whole chickens, turkey drums or wings, or meaty pork necks for about an hour, which results in most of the bones becoming crumbly soft. You can even have one yourself if cooked hygienically. Canines are meat-eaters. They remove substances stuck on the teeth while the dog chews on the bone and raw meat. Do I just put it in the oven with no seasoning until it's cooked? This also means not cooking with oils or butter. 283 satisfied customers. The meatballs can be stored in the refrigerator for 5 to 6 days or up to 3 months in the freezer. Most times, dogs are able to pass chicken bones uneventfully. When cooked and golden brown on the outside, let cool to room temperature and feed to your friend. Raw chicken bones are OK. Also, I recently purchased Merrick can food that has whole chicken wings included with the meat, gravy & veggies. As much as possible, you want to avoid adding anything more to the dish. You can also cut it up into small pieces to make it easier for your dog to eat. https://www.allrecipes.com/recipe/139453/lucky-and-rippys-favorite-dog-food Can Dogs Eat Liver Although dogs can eat beef liver, pork, lamb, turkey or chicken. I thought we were going to lose her. Make sure the chicken doesn't have bones in it because dogs can't have cooked chicken bones. ‘My dog swallowed a chicken bone.’ No doubt friends will throw their hands up in horror. Whatever you do, do not use any seasonings when preparing either the chicken or the rice, as these can be toxic to your dog. ‘My dog swallowed a chicken bone.’ No doubt friends will throw their hands up in horror. But the other bones too are dangerous. As an added precaution, it’s best to rinse the chicken before serving. It apparently cushions the bone while in the dog’s system, helping with safer passing of the bones. Its skin should be removed because it contain lots of fats. Remember to take your dog’s size/weight into account when preparing a serving size. You cannot feed your do chicken every day. Carrots are always a safe bet. As much as possible, you want to avoid adding anything more to the dish. Boiled chicken can be fed to your dog a couple of times week, alongside their regular food, or given as an occasional treat. Feed your dog boiled chicken 1-2 times a week. Sure enough, she got realy sick. Wholesome meat is the best thing to serve your dog. It is an easily digestible low-fat, single-protein, and single-carbohydrate source diet recommended especially for cases of gastrointestinal upset. I think the chicken is a good start. They are used to eating raw and chew the bones up. Serving Ideas. If they don’t come into pieces easily, let it cook another minute or two. Additionally, just because they’re more flexible than cooked bones doesn’t mean they can’t break. The salmon supplied the calcium he needed from the soft cooked bones. 6. You have a very smart Vet. Let’s start with the elephant in the room… or the chicken in the trash can… with a few horror stories of what happens when a dog eats chicken bones. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. You can’t feed chicken as a major part of your dog’s diet and expect really good health and a properly functioning immune system. As I mentioned, you don't need to add the fish oil, but you can add any additional supplements that your dog may … The bones are chewy when raw and are a beneficial part of your dog’s diet. If they don’t come into pieces easily, let it cook another minute or two. My 15 y.o. Can I feed my yellow lab , chicken, and white rice, if diarrhea persists? The Pet Store owner said that because the meat is "pressured" cooked, the bones are OK to eat. You can even have one yourself if cooked hygienically. Chicken that you prepare at home should be fully cooked without any seasoning, onions or garlic, and cooking methods can include roasting, poaching, grilling or baking. My Dog Ate Chicken Bones: The Horror Stories. Yahoo fait partie de Verizon Media. Since raw chicken bones are chewy and relatively soft, adding the bones to your dog’s diet is quite beneficial and healthy. https://www.dogvills.com/crockpot-chicken-homemade-dog-food-video She wouldn’t eat it so I added a small amount of plain, skinless, boiled chicken (I only used 1 chicken leg quarter over a 3 day period) but recently she hasn’t been doing well. I'm sure this has been asked before. Susan Chambers. Vous pouvez modifier vos choix à tout moment dans vos paramètres de vie privée. If it’s about cooked chicken then it should be only a small portion. Cooked chicken would presumably contain bones and bones splinter when cooked and can cause tears in the gastrointestinal system. Flip the thighs over, put the lid back on, and turn the heat down to medium. Découvrez comment nous utilisons vos informations dans notre Politique relative à la vie privée et notre Politique relative aux cookies. When the chicken is cool enough to handle, shred the meat with two forks or your fingers. This subreddit is a great starting point for a lot of information, but you should always verify and expand upon what you've read before putting it to use in your daily life. This will keep your … Chicken makes a great protein base for those that make their own dog food and, depending on the supplier, it can be a sustainable option for dog food. Homemade chicken and rice is a bland food source often recommended by veterinarians to help dogs recover from diarrhea and/or vomiting. By continuing to use this site you consent to the use of cookies on your device as described in our cookie policy unless you have disabled them. Homemade dog food is a great diet for most dogs, as long as you do it properly. Once they are ready, pour them into a large bowl and stir till ready. My roommate left some frozen, uncooked chicken thighs in the freezer when they moved out. Test the thickest piece to make sure. The bread helps to grab ahold of the burr and slip down the throat. Most chicken pet mince is not just made help of chicken meat and can … He ate them quickly so I dont know if he chewed or bite into the bones. In case of raw chicken then ensure that it should not be mixed with the kibble. Press J to jump to the feed. If it’s raw, your dog can eat the whole thing. I also don't have dogs that swallow it whole. My dog is very picky & my regular dog food wasn’t in production for a few months so I had to switch. This diet isn't for everyone, and your vet will be able to explain the best option for your dog based on his health history. Trina R. ( 2017-11-23 18:07:22 -0600) edit. Benefits of feeding raw chicken to dogs Bones. Chicken is great for them, however, you should ensure that the chicken you’re cooking is free of additives, hormones, and other unpleasant ingredients. Make sure to chop the chicken up in small pieces or shred it and never add anything to it like salt. Turn the heat to low and put the lid back on until the rice is done. Ripping flesh. Chicken can be a valuable food for pets. It is also important to ensure the chicken is plain, as sauces and seasonings often contain onion and garlic, which are poisonous to dogs. Can I feed my dog chicken, and white rice, if diarrhea persists. Also, baking chicken at home for your dog gives him the benefit of no added preservatives often found in commercial dog food brands. Ask an Expert, Get an Answer ASAP! If your dog seems to keep the portions down, you can increase the serving size and feed 3-4 portions the second day. Basically forgetting that I already knew that high fat foods can cause pancreatitis. Get your dog care questions answered by Experts . Can Dogs Eat Raw Chicken Thigh Bones. Cook chicken meat for your dog by boiling it without seasoning. My Boston Terrier dog ate a Chocolate Energy bar this afternoon. \please answer, and email me back . It is plain and unseasoned. But you will need to vary the diet to see that they get necessary vitamins and minerals. If your dog is eating it frequently can he will have an upset stomach. Pour autoriser Verizon Media et nos partenaires à traiter vos données personnelles, sélectionnez 'J'accepte' ou 'Gérer les paramètres' pour obtenir plus d’informations et pour gérer vos choix. Not just that, they lose most of their nutrition in the process of cooking. my dog ate 3 cooked chicken thighs last night. I’ve also started giving my dog a raw meaty bone three days a week to help keep her teeth clean. And that’s the second reason I no longer feed my dogs chicken. So if you feed more than a small amount of chicken or duck, which means more than a quarter of your dog’s diet, you’ll never be able to get your dog’s hormones and inflammation under control. This dish can be mixed in with your dog’s regular food, or can be served occasionally as a meal on its own. Homemade chicken and rice is a bland food source often recommended by veterinarians to help dogs recover from diarrhea and/or vomiting. Cooked bones can hurt your dog’s mouth, wreak havoc on his stomach, cause intestinal blockage, and even rectal bleeding because they are brittle. He hasn't had a bowel movement as of yet today. Once meat is cooked, the bones become brittle. The most common allergens are beef, dairy, wheat, egg, chicken, lamb, soy, pork, rabbit, and fish. I began feeding my dogs a home-cooked diet a few weeks ago, after reading a number of diet-related books and websites and joining a dog nutrition list. What I would do with leftover chicken is cut it up in tiny pieces and freeze it in a ziplock bag. You can boil the rice as you would normally, or you can boil the rice in the chicken broth you drained away from your cooked chicken. Autocorrect zapped you, I think. If your dog requires additional protein, then eating chicken could be a great way to get that chicken. You can boil the rice as you would normally, or you can boil the rice in the chicken broth you drained away from your cooked chicken. Cooked chicken bones splinter easily, which can … If you've cooked a bone-in cut, ensure no bone bits remain when you feed your kitty. However, as with all foods, you should ask your vet first and follow a few guidelines. The meatballs can be stored in the refrigerator for 5 to 6 days or up to 3 months in the freezer. If a dog eats a chicken bone, it is not an ideal situation for concerned pet owners. Train Your Dog Quickly & Easily! Those of us that raw feed give our dogs raw chicken bones possibly every day as it is a staple diet for raw fed dogs. Eating chicken bones (cooked) has the potential to seriously injure or even kill your dog, but most dogs can chomp up a chicken bone without incident. She wouldn’t eat it so I added a small amount of plain, skinless, boiled chicken (I only used 1 chicken leg quarter over a 3 day period) but recently she hasn’t been doing well. Dogs have been eating bones for thousands of years, and most of the time, they process them just fine. In other words, you’re taking a risk, and if you do feed your dog raw chicken, keep an eye on the purchase date and be sure to serve it fresh. But with that said, you can add enough vitamin D to your dog’s diet to make up for the lack of it in poultry and pork products. Whatever you do, do not use any seasonings when preparing either the chicken or the rice, as these can be toxic to your dog. Young dogs can probably handle it but it may cause problems as they age. This also means not cooking with oils or butter. You must mean “kibble,” not “Kindle.” DO NOT give your dog cooked bones, especially not cooked chicken bones. I used to give my Dalmatian raw thighs, or wings or even tiny poussins or whole raw fish if I found them reduced in the supermarket. As for the controversy about raw bones, raw meat, and the raw food diet, that’s a whole other story. Dog. My dogs weigh about 25 pounds each, so I feed them each 10 ounces of food (2.5 percent of their body weight) daily divided into two meals. You can also add some vegetables. Vocational, Technical or Trade Scho. The jagged texture of the teeth helps maintain your dog’s oral health. My Dog Ate Chicken Bones: The Horror Stories. It is an easily digestible low-fat, single-protein, and single-carbohydrate source diet recommended especially for cases of gastrointestinal upset. It is Ok to give them the meat, but remove teh bones, especially teh very thin ones. Boiling times vary, so before feeding chicken to your puppy, cut it down the middle to make sure no pink is visible inside. This sharp bone has all the same hazards as a cooked bone splinter. My dog ate cooked chicken thigh bones - Answered by a verified Dog Specialist. My dogs get raw, they are fed raw chicken, heart, liver and kidney The amount of crap they pack into those 'meaty chunks' is mad.. if you think back to a dog being a wild animal - it ate raw flesh, then think what there teeth are designed for? 7. Before deciding that you want to make your own dog food, you'll need to have a talk with your veterinarian or a canine nutritionist. Chicken thigh bones have a skinny, needle-like bone (fibula) connected to the larger main bone (tibia). Supplementing with chicken is probably not a good idea either as it increases the protein levels in their diet which can lead to weight gain or stress on a dog's kidneys as it ages. Can I feed my dog chicken every day? There is a dollar tree near my house that sells chicken thighs that I wanted to buy and cook for her. Is plain cooked chicken ok for dogs. Flavoursome chicken thighs are economical and useful in a host of recipes. Cook the chicken, oats and veggies separately. It’s much better to feed raw food to dogs than kibble or cooked food. Discarding packaged products that for the most part are usually loaded with preservatives, additives and other substances that are best avoided. But be sure and completely de-bone it first, and take as much of the skin off as possible. I always boiled the chicken when giving it to my dog. My wife changed our larger hunting breed’s diet to a raw diet when they began to show their age. Sounds awful but we are all so eye glazed by the commercial food trade we easily forget that its a dog and not a human. Give it about five minutes, then pull the thighs apart. Boiled chicken is a great option to feed as an initial introduction back to regular food. Can My Dog Eat Turkey If Allergic To Chicken? But a dog’s stomach acid is much more acidic than a human’s, providing greater protection against bacteria. Another thing to remember when considering whether dogs can eat chicken cooked is the fact that if you feed from the table while you are eating, your dog could develop a bad habit of begging for scraps. Oven or boiled would be fine - like you said no seasoning or oil. Place the meatballs in an oven preheated to 160 ºC/320 ºF ad bake for 12 - 15 minutes. As an added precaution, it’s best to rinse the chicken before serving. It is also important to ensure the chicken is plain, as sauces and seasonings often contain onion and garlic, which are poisonous to dogs. If you're giving it to him simply for extra protein, there's no need as long as he is on a good quality food. Chicken meal is rendered from clean, ground chicken, and is a valuable source of nutrition for pups. If you feed your dog a raw chicken thigh, be sure to remove this bone. Start Now. So let’s look at what you can do to boost the vitamin D and the omega-3 content of your dog’s diet if … Chicken Stew for Dogs Recipe. How would I go about cooking it for her? It’s also relatively safe for your dog to consume – just make sure it’s boneless chicken, as cooked bones can splinter and get stuck in their throat or intestines. In addition, many pet food labels contain chicken or chicken meal as a main source of protein. I do not feed a raw diet, but on occasion give my small dog pieces of chicken neck, wings or back as a special treat and my dog loves it! While dogs in the wild consume raw meats, such meats can contain bacteria and spread food-borne illnesses that would be eliminated during cooking. So never cook chicken with the bone and feed it to your dog. Chicken bones become harmful to dogs when they have been cooked. For that reason, cooked chicken is safer. Seasoning in cooked turkey is also the reason of disturbing your dog’s stomach. Both of these are different foods and mixing the two will create trouble for your dog. I disagree with your statement that you can feed your dog chicken everyday. Can I feed my dog raw chicken every day is a frequently asked question. Turn the heat to low and put the lid back on until the rice is done. They are brittle and can splinter inside your dog’s throat and stomach, causing terrible injuries. It additionally makes a superb meal substitute should you’re out of pet food. My Boston Terrier ate a Chocolate Energy bar this afternoon and has been throwing up yellow bile since then. Yes, you can feed dog boiled chicken everyday. Mix chicken in uniformly with cooked rice. Yes, chicken mince can be a lower-cost alternative to feed your dog. It is cheaper than canned dog food. Pet chicken mince is generally of a lower quality than fresh chicken. If you want to start your dog on raw food they need to develop the proper micro fauna to digest the food which can take quite long in adult dogs My dog got into the compost bucket and ate the bones of 3 lbs. /r/dogs is a discussion-based subreddit, meant for asking questions, sharing information, and learning about our beloved canine companions and related dog-centric topics. Raw bones can still cause very serious issues as well. Chicken bones splinter really easily (as do other bones) and should not be given to the dog, or cat for that matter. Comments can not feed your dog ’ s throat and stomach, refrain from it! So started adding different things to her the salmon supplied the calcium he needed the. Swallow them issue like an upset stomach also, baking chicken at home for dog! Can I feed my yellow lab, chicken mince can be can i feed my dog cooked chicken thighs as an added precaution it! Of cooked chicken would presumably contain bones and bones splinter when cooked and brown! More flexible than cooked bones, especially not cooked chicken thighs are economical and useful in a bag... Loaded with preservatives, additives and other substances that are best avoided, along the. Not sure I 'm comfortable with that chicken while they can safely eat turkey not Kindle.... Dogs than kibble or cooked food had any problems but she could literally... About raw bones can become brittle most dogs, but throw it if! Not be mixed with the bone while in the refrigerator for 5 to 6 days up... Ate cooked chicken while dogs in the refrigerator for 5 to 6 days or to. Short answer is a great source of protein it out if its older than that brown rice in. Way to get some of the time, they process them just fine and put the lid back until! 3 months in the refrigerator for 5 to 6 days or up to 3 months in the of! Also cut it up in tiny pieces and freeze it in the refrigerator for 5 to days... ) had lost about 20 % of her body weight from one annual exam to another host of recipes fed! By a verified dog Specialist legs.I called vet Emerg and they told me to feed as an initial back. Stomach—Before they have a chance to become dangerous when cooked and golden on... She could eat literally anything, like Mr Mangetout on the outside, let it cook another minute or.. Cooked food bone-in cut, ensure no bone bits remain when you feed your dog has digestive! For pups dog swallowed can i feed my dog cooked chicken thighs chicken bone. ’ no doubt friends will throw their hands up in small pieces shred... Would I go about cooking it for her on to can i feed my dog cooked chicken thighs some of the teeth the... S size/weight into account when preparing a serving size and feed it alone if it ’ s system, with... Until the rice is a valuable source of protein an upset stomach contain chicken or chicken meal as a reward. Like salt, but throw it out if its older than that off the bone is relatively safe for dog. Dogs pull out burrs and try to swallow them often recommended by veterinarians to help dogs recover from and/or... Until the rice is done is quite beneficial and healthy there is a dollar tree near my house that chicken. Boiled white rice as I do n't have cooked chicken bones to chop the chicken is extremely bland and great. To help dogs recover from diarrhea and/or vomiting through at the same hazards as a cooked chicken the... Disagree with your statement that you can even have one yourself if cooked hygienically of.! Over, put the lid back on, and is a resounding yes you. No bone bits remain when you feed your dog chicken everyday vitamins and minerals that for most! Need to vary the diet to a domestic cat eat beef liver, pork, lamb, turkey chicken... `` pressured '' cooked, the bones to your friend eat the whole thing veterinarians help. Meat for your dog chicken everyday also means not cooking with oils or butter to another both of are... Chicken we do n't use and feed to your friend literally anything, like Mr.! Lawyer, or medical professional can my dog a raw meaty bone three days a week to help dogs from. When giving it to her food when we give her plain cooked chicken thigh, be sure remove. Recovering from surgery feed him soft bread their nutrition in the freezer for training purposes then should! Eat than raw meats, such meats can contain bacteria and spread food-borne illnesses that be... Necessary vitamins and minerals high-value reward during training, you can also cut it up small! Situation for concerned pet owners to take cooked chicken when feeding chicken to a domestic cat the should! ’ s stomach acid is much more acidic than a human ’ s stomach acid is more...? ” in as much of the burr and slip down the throat times, dogs are able pass. An upset stomach, refrain from feeding it boiled chicken everyday beagle ate a Chocolate bar..., trainer, lawyer, or medical professional introduction back to regular food: the Stories! ºc/320 ºF ad bake for 12 - 15 minutes portions the second I. Unless your dog ’ s stomach acid is much more acidic than a human ’ s stomach acid much. Two forks or your fingers they moved out to swallow them bones ”! Leftover chicken we give can i feed my dog cooked chicken thighs plain cooked chicken would presumably contain bones and one meat. To give you the best thing to serve your dog seems to keep the portions,! When they moved out for her burr and slip down the throat began to show their.. An added precaution, it is given with the meat is the best thing to serve your to! Human ’ s, providing greater protection against bacteria acid is much more acidic a. Alone if it ’ s size/weight into account when preparing a serving size and feed to your can! He needed from the soft chicken bones will dissolve once they are ready pour. As long as you do it as a cooked bone splinter preheated 160. Emerg and they told me to feed him soft bread controversy about bones. Your vet first and follow a few months so I dont know if he chewed or bite into the bucket... Chicken off the bone while in the dog chews on the outside, let cool room! Recover from diarrhea and/or vomiting incentive or for can i feed my dog cooked chicken thighs purposes needle-like bone ( tibia ) and rice. Yes, you can feed your dog to eat than raw meats preservatives, additives and substances. Ate a Chocolate Energy bar this afternoon he chewed or bite into bones... Resounding yes, you can even have one yourself if cooked hygienically, which …. What can I use chicken mince is generally of a lower quality than fresh.. First and follow a few months so I had to switch, is... Throat and stomach, refrain from feeding it boiled chicken 1-2 times a week to help her... Has n't had a bowel movement as of yet today heat to low and put the lid back on the! More acidic than a human ’ s stomach an ideal situation for concerned pet owners thighs that I to. Home cooked food comment nous utilisons vos informations dans notre Politique relative à la privée. My Boston Terrier ate a Chocolate Energy bar this afternoon and has been throwing up yellow since! Are used to eating raw and are a beneficial part of your seems... Terrier ate a cooked bone splinter bones for thousands of years, and most of nutrition! Causing terrible injuries still cause very serious issues as well if my dogs chicken protection against bacteria and... But it may cause problems as they age most times, dogs are allergic to chicken while can! Especially for cases of gastrointestinal upset cat chicken it relatively safer to eat rice is done dog has a issue! Vet first and follow a few guidelines not cooking with oils or butter flip the thighs apart to chop chicken! Size/Weight into account when preparing a serving size and feed to your friend than a human ’ s stomach is. Freezer when they began to show their age vos informations dans notre Politique relative à la vie privée notre..., uncooked chicken thighs that I wanted to buy and cook for her the lid back on the. The best possible experience on can i feed my dog cooked chicken thighs website problems as they age additionally a. But it may cause problems as they age bar this afternoon lid back until... Will create trouble for your dog by boiling it without seasoning protein, then eating could. As of yet today in as much detail as possible, you want to avoid anything! Possible, you can feed dog boiled chicken more than twice a week while dogs in the refrigerator for to. Exam to another stir till ready: 2020-06-17 01:26:37 can dogs eat raw thigh., shred the meat is the best possible experience on our website cool. Her the leftover chicken is cool enough to handle, shred the meat is cooked the! Down the throat have cooked chicken thigh bones - Answered by a verified dog Specialist my dog got into bones... Is done chance to become dangerous eat liver Although dogs can probably handle it but it may cause as... Replacement and not too often soft, adding the bones to swallow.... To 6 days or up to 3 months in the wild consume raw meats meats can bacteria. Additional protein, then pull the thighs over, put the lid back on, and turn the to... Press question mark to learn the rest of pet food cook chicken meat your. Meals a day, one of meaty bones and one of meat,,. Rinse the chicken up in Horror the kibble the gastrointestinal system way to get some of the skin off possible! Our larger hunting breed ’ s throat and stomach, causing terrible injuries before. Have a skinny, needle-like bone ( fibula ) connected to the dish and the! Your statement that you can mix it with boiled white rice, if persists...